An introduction to the fuzzy set and possibility theory-based treatment of soft queries and uncertain or imprecise databases

In this paper, it is shown that fuzzy sets and possibility theory provide an homogeneous framework for the representation of both imprecise/uncertain information and soft queries with a flexible interpretation. Incompletely known information as well as flexible query handling capabilities are expected to extend the range of applications for future database management systems. The term fuzzy databases which is extensively used in the specialized literature covers several different meanings which are reviewed. A special emphasis is put on flexible queries addressed to regular databases. Such queries enables the user to easily express preferences among more or less admissible attribute values. Several approaches for introducing flexibility, including fuzzy sets, are compared. A query language based on SQL is outlined and some issues related to query processing are discussed. In addition, possibility theory proves to be useful for representing imperfectly known data and soft constraints. Pattern matching is extended for handling this kind of data, as well as flexible queries.